I have created A Compilation of ban reasons and the time that I recommended for the offence. remember in the end you choose how long ow believe the ban should be this is just a help full guide if you are stuck on how long you should ban this rule breaker. feel free to post suggestions. in the end these are just some suggestions and as walrus said To conclude, use common sense and figure out a reasonable calculation of a ban length.
Mass RDM (x5k) = 1 week + - You need to try to catch the RDMER as fast as you can so i would warn him first and if he later continues to RDM and kill everyone I would ban him for 1 week or if he RDM's 20 people I would give him a permanent ban.
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Prop spam = Permanent (Depending on the severalty ) - Prop spam (depending on the props and how many ) is permanent because if he really wanted to play on the server and not ruin the experience for other people he would appeal the ban.
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Hacking = Permanent - If some one is hacking it is a permanent ban because we don't tolerate hackers and he can later appeal as so he wishes.
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Racism = 1 day to Permanent- Racism needs a warn first and if he continues another but depending on what he is saying determines the ban because if he keeps saying the n word that would be 1 day but if he goes around being massively racist i would call that 2 weeks and of cause if he makes death threats to do with race that is permanent.
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Prop minge = Permanent (depending on the prop) - Similar to prop spam warn him first but later if he continues to swing around a large prop to lag the server i would give him a permanent ban and if he wishes he can appeal later
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DDOS threats = Permanent - DDOS threats would be permanent but remember that if the threat doesn't happen on team speak or in game you cant ban for it e.g. some one on Skype.
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Exploiting = Permanent - Usually I will give a verbal warning if they find a exploit (or use a known one )and use it but later i will warn them and if they continue ban them .
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Mic spam = 1 day - depending on what the mic spamming is saying i will first ask them to stop then if they continue warn them and mute their mic if they continue i will give them 1 day
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leaving to avoid punishment = 1 day - if you take some one into a sit and they know its a sit and they disconnect ( not time out ) I would give them one day
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Mass CDM (5k+) = 1 week + - Of cause warn them first and if they cdm because of lag suggest for them not to drive a car . if they go around trying to run as many people over as they can then ban them 1 week per 5 kills or so.
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Death threats = Permanent - Again depending on how serious the threat is death threats are usually permanent but the situation might differ
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Mass rda 1 week- Like rdm and cdm mass rda is usually 1 week or so but i would try to catch them early to explain that it is against the server rules and warn them for it and if they just don't care and rda 5 people i would ban them